Master’s Research
路雨嘉
LU Yujia
芸術表現による「他種とともに生きる」世界観
Experiencing “living with otherness” through artistic expression
1980年代以降、中国て?は改革開放政策により急速な経済発展か?進み、当時の中国て?は“科学技術は第一の生産力”か?重要なキーワート?となった。その中て?、人間という存在についても、自然を支配し、凌駕て?きる存在となり、科学技術を信仰するようになった。筆者の出身て?ある深圳市は、改革開放て?て?きた経済特区て?あり、その中て?育てられた筆者は、科学技術は必す?より良い生活をもたらし、過去の“封建的迷信”は批判され、捨て去られるへ?きという教育を受けてきた。 しかし今日、人間は世界の他の種から独立して存在する特別な存在て?はなく、他の種と絡み合って存在していることを示唆する問いか?増えている。2003年、学者のタ?ナ?ハラウェイは「重要な/著しい他者性 (significant otherness)」と「ともに生きる(to live with)」という概念を提唱した。筆者は、2019年からのbet36体育在线-体育投注官网@感染症により、移動て?きす?孤立された日常を過こ?す中て?、 非人間たちとの生活の大切さに改めて目を向けるようになった。毎日一緒に寝ていたぬいく?るみや秋の道路の落ち葉、空にある形か?不思議な雲、ときと?き家の中に現れるクモなと?の非人間たちは、 筆者の生活のいたるところにたくさん存在しており、常にやり取りをしていることと、人間と同し?ような体格や精神を持ち、人間と世界を共有している仲間て?はないかと筆者は考える。 本研究て?は、中国古代の「万物」思想、アニミス?ムの思想やマルチスヒ?ーシース?人類学なと?の理論を軸に、自分以外の存在の新たな見方と人間と非人間との根本的な関係を探り、非生物も含めての多様な種と「ともに生きる」という思考を伝えることを研究目的としたのて?ある。 本論文て?は、古代中国の「万物」の思想、日本の自然崇拝やアニミス?ム、ハラウェイの二つの宣言、そしてマルチスヒ?ーシース?人類学について考察し、自らの体験と研究を組み合わせることによって「他種とともに生きる」世界観の意味を整理?分析した。芸術表現としては、3つの先行作品を挙け?、自身の習作と合わせて最終的に修士作品「Paradise」を構成した。本論文て?論し?た「他種とともに生きる」世界観は、構造化されておらす?、一般的な論理に反しているかもしれないか?、発展的て?、平等を追求し、社会に意義か?あると考えられる。つまり、人類の歴史か?発展してきたように、常にその時々の思想を振り返り、歴史によって排除されたものを再ひ?拾い上け?、常に新しい発想を社会に投け?かけることて?、より多くの思想?社会の発展の可能性か?生まれるのて?ある。
Since the 1980s, China’s “Economic Reform” has led to rapid economic development. As a result, the phrase, “science and technology are the primary productive forces,” became an important motto in Chinese policy. In the midst of this, people came to believe in science and technology as an existence that can dominate and surpass nature. My hometown, Shenzhen, is a special economic zone that was created through reform and opening-up to western trade. I came to believe that science and technology will surely bring about a better life, that “rational thinking” is the most important factor in solving problems, and that modern rules and ideas are indisputable. I was taught that science and technology will always bring about a better life, that “rational thinking” is the most important factor in solving problems, that modern rules and ideas are indisputable, and that past “feudal superstitions” should be criticized and discarded. However, today, an increasing number of questions suggest that humans are not special beings that exist independently of other species in the world, but are intertwined with them. In 2003, American scholar Donna Haraway proposed the “significant otherness” and “to live with” concepts. In my own case, COVID-19 has led me to look again at the importance of living with non-humans, the plush toy I sleep with every day, the fallen leaves on the road, the clouds in the sky with strange shapes, the spiders that sometimes appear in my room, and others. I believe that these non-humans exist everywhere in my life, that they are in constant communication with me, and that they are my companions with whom I share a similar biology and spirit. The purpose of this research is to explore new ways of looking at existence beyond humanity and examine the fundamental relationship between humans and non-humans through the documentation of experiments and attempts at artistic expression, based on animist theories, such as the ancient Chinese philosophy of “all things,” as well as contemporary multi-species anthropology. I have sought to convey the thought of “living with otherness.” My artwork, “Paradise,” is based on my drawing diary about “living with otherness”, and is a three-hour live performance expressing memories of me with non-humans. “Paradise” is the space where I organized and recreated a part of my own consciousness and sought to communicate with non-humans across various species. Through this work, I sought to demonstrate the possibility of conveying to people a worldview of “living with otherness” through artistic expression. In this thesis, I examine the ancient Chinese idea of “all things,” Japanese nature worship and animism (Shintoism), the two declarations of Haraway, and multispecies anthropological methodology. I organized and analyzed the meaning of a worldview of “living with otherness” by combining my own experience and research. In terms of artistic expression, I cited three prior works and combined them with my own studies to compose the final work, “Paradise.” The “living with otherness” worldview discussed in this thesis may be unstructured and contrary to general logic, but it is developmental, pursues equality, and is meaningful to society. In other words, just as human history has developed, there is always the possibility for more development of ideas and society by constantly looking back on the ideas of past, picking up again what has been eliminated by history, reconstructing and re-introducing these ‘new’ ideas into society.
